Effect of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries on the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of oral and maxillofacial trauma on the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to determine the efficiency of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) as a diagnostic tool for detecting PTSD in patients with Oral and Maxillofacial injuries. Material and Methods: PTSD was assessed one month postoperatively by the diagnostic instrument, IES-R, to arrive at a provisional diagnosis. A structured clinician-administered PTSD Scale then assessed the patients for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (CAPS-5) to establish a final diagnosis. The assessment of the severity of PTSD was done based on various types of oral and maxillofacial injuries. Results: The IES-R scale provisionally diagnosed 54 subjects with PTSD, out of which 42 were diagnosed to have PTSD by the CAPS-5 scale. Subjects with injuries involving the 'orbital complex,' those presenting with a perceptible scar in the maxillofacial region and with multiple avulsed/ luxated anterior teeth, showed a higher affinity to develop PTSD, and this was statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher levels of PTSD in patients with injuries to the maxillofacial region warrants correct diagnosis and detection, and hence the maxillofacial surgeon plays a vital role in this regard. The IES-R is a useful diagnostic tool to detect PTSD early.

A case report on sorafenib induced adverse reaction

Sorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor used primarily in the treatment of hepatic cellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma. Hand-foot syndrome also is known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia causes reddening, numbness, swelling of palms of hands and soles of feet. In this report, a known case of renal cell carcinoma, post right nephrectomy patient on treatment with tab sorafenib had developed the hand-foot syndrome

A Comparative Study of Oral Manifestations of HIV Amongst Affected and Unaffected Children

Background: There were around 40 million people estimatedto be affected HIV by the end of the year 2004, with childrenaccounted for approximately 3 million of the total subjects. Thedisease progression is quicker and more severe amongstchildren as they are in their developmental stage and due tothe immature immune system. The present study wasconducted with the aim to determine the frequency of oralmanifestations of HIV infection amongst pediatric subjects.Materials and Methods: The present observational studyconsisted of total 60 subjects, which were divided into 3groups, Group I comprised of 20 HIV positive pediatric subjectstaking HAART, Group II comprised of 20 HIV positive pediatricsubjects not taking HAART and Group III comprised of 20healthy controls. History of any oral lesion and managementstrategy taken by the subject were also recorded. Initially theextra-oral and perioral structures were evaluated, followed bythe intra-oral structures, for any alteration in size, color andshape of areas and for clinical signs of different lesions. Chisquare test was used for analysis. Probability value of lessthan 0.05 regarded as significant.Results: There were 25% subjects in group I, 55% in Group IIand no subject in Group III suffering from candidiasis.There were 20% subjects in group I, 45% in Group II and 15%subjects in Group III suffering from gingivitis/periodontitis.There was a significant difference in the incidence ofcandidiasis, periodontitis/Gingivitis, angular cheilitis amongstthe groups as the p value was less than 0.05.Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the orallesions amongst diseased and the controls. Highly significantdifference was observed in the incidence of candidiasis,angular cheilitis and lymphadenopathy.

A Study on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Hand Hygiene and Factors Affecting its Adherence among Healthcare Providers of a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Gujarat

Introduction: About 1.4 million people around the world become seriously ill from Health Care Associated Infections at any given time The risk of infection in developing countries is 2 to 20 times higher than in developed countries and its incidence in India ranges from 5-30%. Aims and objectives:To study knowledge and practices regarding hand hygiene among Health Care Providers and to study the factors affecting the hand hygiene adherence Method:Cross sectional study conducted in tertiary care of hospital of Valsad. Prior oral informed consent was taken from the participants before the start of the study. An anonymous questionnaire formed as per WHO guidelines on hand hygiene was used as data collection tool. Results 64% medical and 72% paramedical staff has taken training in hand hygiene in last three years. 19.37% medical and 26.02% paramedical staff reported less time and more work load as barriers in implementing routine hand hygiene practices respectively. 20.93% medical and 6.97% paramedical staff reported training as an important factor for improved hand hygiene practices in the hospital. 66% staff of both groups correctly knows about required time needed for hand washing practice as per WHO guidelines whereas 26% medical and 44% paramedical staff doesn't have correct knowledge of hand hygiene practices when hands are visibly soiled Conclusion Lack of correct knowledge regarding hand hygiene practices among health care providers.

A Cross Sectional study to determine prevalence of overweight and obesity and its association with Hypertension and Diabetes in Kungher ( RHTC Area) population of GMERS Medical College-Dharpur Patan.

Obesity is a well-known risk factor of hypertension and diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Kungher (Rural Health Training Center Field Practicing Area) population and to evaluate its relationship with hypertension and diabetes. This Cross sectional study comprises of 163 subjects attending a local medical camp between 25- 70 years of age. Height, weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and post prandial blood sugar were determined using standard methods. It was found that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15% and 34% respectively and it was predominant among women than men. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and post prandial blood sugar were significantly elevated in obese subjects than in normal BMI subjects (control). It was concluded that the results showed a higher trend of hypertension and diabetes with increase in BMI.